Biomarkers · Lipids & Apolipoproteins
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)
Lower values carry lower risk. In NHANES 1999–2018 with linked mortality to 2019, each standard deviation is associated with a hazard ratio of 0.95. Not significant in NHANES
NHANES, our fit with 95% CIPublished curve
Hazard ratios relative to each curve's own reference value, so the two curves need not cross 1 at the same point. The dotted vertical line marks the NHANES median.
NHANES hazard per SD0.9595% CI 0.89–1.00 · 10,351 adults, 1,287 deaths
Published hazard ratio1.38per SD (95% CI 1.27–1.50) · Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohorts
Where people sit
Population percentiles (mg/dL) by sex and age band. Cycle or source as recorded in the catalogue.
| Sex | Age | 5th | 25th | Median | 75th | 95th | n | Cycle / source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 20-39 | 52.0 | 67.0 | 81.0 | 97.0 | 123 | 1,720 | 2015-2016 |
| All | 40-59 | 61.0 | 80.0 | 96.0 | 113 | 143 | 1,690 | 2015-2016 |
| All | 60+ | 58.0 | 78.0 | 94.0 | 112 | 142 | 1,790 | 2015-2016 |
| All | all | 56.0 | 74.0 | 90.0 | 108 | 138 | 5,200 | 2015-2016 |
| Men | all | 58.0 | 77.0 | 93.0 | 111 | 141 | 2,550 | 2015-2016 |
| Women | all | 54.0 | 72.0 | 87.0 | 105 | 134 | 2,650 | 2015-2016 |
What studies found when this marker was changed
Effects on the biomarker reported in the cited studies. They describe what happened in those populations, not a recommendation for anyone. See all catalogued interventions.
| Type | Intervention | Reported effect | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| clinical | Familial combined hyperlipidemia and hepatic ApoB overproduction | +40% to +100% elevation (>130 mg/dL) | clinical guideline | Sniderman AD, et al. J Clin Lipidol. 2019;13:706-716. |
| diet | Very low saturated fat diet coupled with viscous dietary fibers | -15% to -25% reduction | rct | Jenkins DJ, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:213-221. |
| diet | High saturated fatty acid intake and trans fat consumption | +20% to +40% elevation | meta-analysis | Mensink RP, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:1146-1155. |
| pharmacologic | High-intensity Statin + Ezetimibe +/- PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibody (Evolocumab/Alirocumab) | Reduces ApoB by 45-75% down to target <60 mg/dL | RCT | Ridker PM, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with … |
| pharmacologic | PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies (Evolocumab / Alirocumab) | -45% to -55% reduction | rct | Sabatine MS, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1713-1722. |
| pharmacologic | High-intensity statins (Atorvastatin 80mg / Rosuvastatin 40mg) | -35% to -48% reduction | meta-analysis | Boekholdt SM, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:485-494. |
Sources
- Hazard curve: JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:1393-1401
- Sniderman AD, et al. Apolipoprotein B particles and cardiovascular risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. JAMA Cardiol. 2019;4(12):1287-1295.
- Empirical curve: our Cox model with age and sex, NHANES 1999–2018 with linked mortality to 2019.