Biomarkers · Cardiac & Hemodynamics
Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
U-shaped: both low and high values carry risk. In NHANES 1999–2018 with linked mortality to 2019, each standard deviation is associated with a hazard ratio of 0.96. U-shaped: slope not comparable
NHANES, our fit with 95% CIPublished curve
Hazard ratios relative to each curve's own reference value, so the two curves need not cross 1 at the same point. The dotted vertical line marks the NHANES median.
NHANES hazard per SD0.9695% CI 0.94–0.98 · 49,318 adults, 7,264 deaths
Published hazard ratio1.22per SD (95% CI 1.17–1.28) · Prospective Studies Collaboration (61 Prospective Cohorts)
Where people sit
Population percentiles (mmHg) by sex and age band. Cycle or source as recorded in the catalogue.
| Sex | Age | 5th | 25th | Median | 75th | 95th | n | Cycle / source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 20-39 | 53.0 | 63.0 | 70.0 | 78.0 | 89.0 | 2,670 | 2017-2018 |
| All | 40-59 | 56.0 | 68.0 | 76.0 | 84.0 | 97.0 | 2,620 | 2017-2018 |
| All | 60+ | 50.0 | 62.0 | 70.0 | 78.0 | 91.0 | 2,760 | 2017-2018 |
| All | all | 52.0 | 64.0 | 72.0 | 80.0 | 93.0 | 8,050 | 2017-2018 |
| Men | all | 54.0 | 66.0 | 74.0 | 82.0 | 95.0 | 3,910 | 2017-2018 |
| Women | all | 51.0 | 63.0 | 71.0 | 79.0 | 91.0 | 4,140 | 2017-2018 |
What studies found when this marker was changed
Effects on the biomarker reported in the cited studies. They describe what happened in those populations, not a recommendation for anyone. See all catalogued interventions.
| Type | Intervention | Reported effect | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| behavioral | Stress management, slow deep breathing (6 breaths/min), and meditation | -3 to -6 mmHg diastolic reduction | rct | Grossman E, et al. J Hum Hypertens. 2001;15:263-269. |
| exercise | Aerobic conditioning and 5-10% weight loss | -4 to -8 mmHg diastolic reduction | meta-analysis | Neter JE, et al. Hypertension. 2003;42:878-884. |
| pharmacologic | Calcium channel blockers (Amlodipine 5-10 mg) / ACE inhibitors | -8 to -14 mmHg diastolic reduction | meta-analysis | Law MR, et al. BMJ. 2009;338:b1665. |
| pharmacologic | Excessive over-titration of multi-agent vasodilators causing DBP < 55 mmHg | Coronary hypoperfusion and myocardial ischemic injury risk | prospective cohort | Messerli FH, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:2198-2200. |
| sleep | Chronic sympathoadrenal stress and poor sleep | +6 to +12 mmHg diastolic elevation | prospective cohort | Gangwisch JE, et al. Hypertension. 2006;47:833-839. |
Sources
- Hazard curve: Recalculated from mortality_association (HR=1.22 per_sd); per-SD log(HR)=0.1989.
- Lewington S, et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903-1913.
- Empirical curve: our Cox model with age and sex, NHANES 1999–2018 with linked mortality to 2019.
Map Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) against another biomarker.