Biomarkers · Cardiac & Hemodynamics

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Lower values carry lower risk. In NHANES 1999–2018 with linked mortality to 2019, each standard deviation is associated with a hazard ratio of 1.08. Reproduces in NHANES

NHANES, our fit with 95% CIPublished curve

Hazard ratios relative to each curve's own reference value, so the two curves need not cross 1 at the same point. The dotted vertical line marks the NHANES median.

NHANES hazard per SD1.0895% CI 1.05–1.10 · 49,318 adults, 7,264 deaths

Published hazard ratio1.26per SD (95% CI 1.21–1.31) · CALIBER UK Electronic Health Records Linked Cohort

Value of the measurement+0.008gain in C within age bands; rank 41 of 56 · all tests

Across cohorts, HR per SD1.08NHANES 1.08 [1.05–1.10] · CRELES 0.89 [0.78–1.00] · HRS 1.06 [1.04–1.09]

Where people sit

Population percentiles (mmHg) by sex and age band. Cycle or source as recorded in the catalogue.

Sex	Age	5th	25th	Median	75th	95th	n	Cycle / source
All	20-39	97.0	107	115	124	139	2,670	2017-2018
All	40-59	100	113	123	134	154	2,620	2017-2018
All	60+	104	120	132	146	172	2,760	2017-2018
All	all	98.0	112	122	134	158	8,050	2017-2018
Men	all	102	115	125	136	159	3,910	2017-2018
Women	all	96.0	109	120	133	157	4,140	2017-2018

What studies found when this marker was changed

Effects on the biomarker reported in the cited studies. They describe what happened in those populations, not a recommendation for anyone. See all catalogued interventions.

Type	Intervention	Reported effect	Evidence	Source
diet	DASH diet (high potassium, magnesium, calcium, low sodium <2000 mg/day)	Reduces systolic BP by 8-14 mmHg	RCT	Rapsomaniki E, et al. Blood pressure and risk of vascular disease: 1.25 million …
diet	DASH Dietary Pattern combined with sodium reduction (<1500 mg/day)	-8 to -14 mmHg systolic reduction	rct	Sacks FM, et al. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:3-10.
diet	High sodium intake (>5000 mg/day) and heavy alcohol bingeing	+10 to +20 mmHg systolic elevation	meta-analysis	He FJ, et al. BMJ. 2013;346:f1325.
exercise	Isometric resistance training and continuous aerobic endurance training	Reduces resting systolic BP by 5-10 mmHg	meta-analysis	Rapsomaniki E, et al. Blood pressure and risk of vascular disease: 1.25 million …
exercise	Isometric exercise training and regular aerobic exercise (150 min/wk)	-5 to -10 mmHg systolic reduction	meta-analysis	Edwards JJ, et al. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57:1317-1326.
pharmacologic	First-line antihypertensive dual combination (ACEi/ARB + DHP-CCB or Thiazide)	-15 to -25 mmHg systolic reduction	rct	Jamerson K, et al. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2417-2428.
pharmacologic	Chronic sympathomimetic / NSAID / Stimulant usage	+5 to +15 mmHg systolic elevation	systematic review	Johnson AG, et al. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:289-300.

Sources

Hazard curve: Lancet 2014; 383:1899-1911 (CALIBER 1.25M)
Rapsomaniki E, et al. Blood pressure and risk of vascular disease: 1.25 million people from the CALIBER study. Lancet. 2014;383(9932):1899-1911.
Empirical curve: our Cox model with age and sex, NHANES 1999–2018 with linked mortality to 2019.

Map Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) against another biomarker · Featured: Kidney function × blood pressure · Fasting glucose × blood pressure.