Biomarkers · Cardiometabolic
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)
Lower values carry lower risk. Not measured in our NHANES panel; the curve is synthesised from the published association.
Hazard ratio relative to the curve's reference value, as synthesised from the published association.
Published hazard ratio1.47top vs bottom quarter (95% CI 1.25–1.69) · Updated systematic review and meta-analysis pooling prospective cohorts, total n=31,230 participants
Where people sit
Population percentiles (umol/L) by sex and age band. Cycle or source as recorded in the catalogue.
| Sex | Age | 5th | 25th | Median | 75th | 95th | n | Cycle / source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 20-39 | 1.20 | 2.39 | 3.40 | 5.15 | 11.0 | 694 | Gessner A, di Giuseppe… |
| All | 40-59 | 1.30 | 2.60 | 3.70 | 5.60 | 12.0 | 694 | Gessner A, di Giuseppe… |
| All | 60+ | 1.42 | 2.83 | 4.03 | 6.10 | 13.1 | 694 | Gessner A, di Giuseppe… |
| All | all | 1.30 | 2.60 | 3.70 | 5.60 | 12.0 | 694 | Gessner A, di Giuseppe… |
| Men | all | 1.40 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 6.10 | 13.0 | 694 | Gessner A, di Giuseppe… |
| Women | all | 1.20 | 2.41 | 3.56 | 5.15 | 11.0 | 694 | Gessner A, di Giuseppe… |
Sources
- Hazard curve: Synthesized from mortality_association (HR=1.47 quartile_extreme); per-SD log(HR)=0.301. Reported as quartile_extreme HR=1.47 for all-cause mortality. [CI approximated +/-15% around point estimate; not from source text.] Highest vs lowest
- Qi J, You T, Li J, et al. Circulating trimethylamine N-oxide and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis (updated). Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases / related meta-analysis: Schiattarella GG, et al. Gut microbe-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide as cardiovascular risk biomarker: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. European Heart Journal. 2017;38(39):2948-2956. Also: Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide and all-cause mortality: findings from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2021;79-80:110902.
Map Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) against another biomarker.